October 13, 2021
From rescuing hostages to delegating tasks on a team, negotiations are ubiquitous in daily life. When you become an operator, having the ability to achieve goals by influencing others is a skill that can save lives. In this OA communication guide, we’ll give you three powerful negotiating tactics that you can start using today. But first, we need to define what negotiation is, and more importantly, what it isn’t . What is Negotiating? At its core, negotiation is a dialogue between two people to reach a mutually beneficial outcome over a conflict. When many people think of negotiating, they imagine using sneaky tactics or strategies to bend others to their will. Despite this, negotiations in the civilian and military world are rarely about “getting one over” on someone. In reality, purposeful and productive negotiating boils down to one thing: Making both parties feel like they won. If you can accomplish this goal in your negotiations, you can get what you want while preserving relationships and keeping good faith. While it might be tempting to lie or use underhanded tactics to achieve strategic gains in the short term, this approach will almost always unravel violently at a later time and create more problems than it helped solve. Ethical negotiation isn’t just a nice thing to do – it’s crucial for your long-term success. Tactic 1: Time = Investment The first principle of negotiating is that the more effort a person invests into something, the more committed they will be to seeing it through. For example, imagine you want to buy a car. If you go to a dealership, have the salesperson show you a car for five minutes, and immediately start negotiating, chances are they won’t give you much leeway in terms of pricing. On the other hand, imagine you go to the dealership and make the salesperson give you a full three-hour tour of all the vehicles. He spends hours explaining every intricate detail of every automobile on the sales floor. Then, when you start negotiating, he’ll be much more likely to give you a big discount on the car. Why does this happen? Because people value their time. And they care about things proportionately to how much effort they’ve invested into them. When the salesperson only put five minutes into the tour, he didn’t invest much time and effort. Thus, he’s not worried about losing the sale. But if the salesperson spent hours of his time, skipped his lunch break, and answered countless dumb questions (which you strategically asked on purpose to prolong the tour), he is deeply invested in closing the sale. Once you start negotiating, he’d rather get something for his time rather than nothing at all. Understanding Sunk Cost The reason that this time investment leverage strategy works so well is that most people don’t understand the economic principle of sunk cost. A sunk cost is an investment or expense that has no opportunity for return in the future, so it shouldn’t be a factor in your decision-making. In the car sales analogy, even if the salesperson has invested hours of his time into you, he’ll never get that time back – whether or not he sells a car. No matter what happens, that time is permanently gone. Thus, it no longer matters and shouldn’t be a factor in his negotiations. Despite this, many people fail to identify a sunk cost; and that’s why this strategy works so well. Tactic 2: Make Them Say “No” If there’s one thing that people love, it’s saying the word ”NO.” It’s an explicitly simple, powerful phrase that can stop people in their tracks. For this reason, there’s a very potent connection between saying no and feeling in control of a situation. When a person says no, they subconsciously feel that they have set boundaries and become more comfortable with the negotiation. What does this mean for you? If you can get a person to say no and reject a request, they’ll put their guard down. This means that they are more likely to say yes to your next request. You might be starting to see where we’re going with this. You can increase your chances of people accepting your offer if you allow them to say no first. Thus, make a decoy – an unacceptable and easy-to-reject request. Allow them to say no, then follow up with your real demand. They’ll be much more likely to comply with your second offer for two reasons: First, they had the chance to say no, and feel powerful and in control because they set boundaries. Second, your genuine request seems much more palatable in contrast to your first, more egregious demand. Want someone to say yes? Start by making them say no. Tactic 3: The Law of Reciprocity Humans are hardwired to work together. Thousands of years ago, your ancestors’ abilities to collaborate with those around them could make the difference between life and death. As such, our brains operate on a powerful reciprocity system. In other words, when we get something from someone, we have a subconscious primal urge to return the favor. This is known as the Law of Reciprocity, and it’s a powerful tactic to use in negotiations. When a person asks you for something, you can use the Law of Reciprocity to get something in exchange. For example, if a coworker asks you to cover their shift on Monday, ask them if they’d be willing to cover two of your shifts in return. Although your request is double theirs, their collaborative survival instinct will make them more than happy to oblige. Business sales studies have shown that utilizing the Law of Reciprocity and making a counter-request immediately after someone asks you for something can boost compliance by up to 600%! Although the Law of Reciprocity is a powerful tool, you must be aware of its limitations. Specifically, that it has an expiry date . As time passes, the psychological pressure people feel from the Law of Reciprocity diminishes exponentially. In other words, the longer you wait to ask for something in return, the less likely you are to get it. For example, let’s go back to the coworker shift analogy to illustrate this point. If you ask them to cover two shifts immediately after they asked you for a favor, they’re likely to agree. But if you wait a year before asking them, they’re unlikely to feel a need to reciprocate you for your actions. In other words, if you want to apply the Law of Reciprocity in negotiation, you must do it immediately. Finding your tribe is crucial to your success as an aspiring SOF operator. When you surround yourself with people who will keep you accountable, you can stay on the path and overcome the training plateaus you’ll inevitably encounter. Become an OA aspiring operator today and join a growing community of future, current, and former SOF operators who will hold you accountable and help you improve. Visit our memberships page to learn more and get started today!